1. While the Government of Quebec upports the general principles of the ECD Agreement and the Multilateral Framework on Early Learning and Child Care, it did not participate in developing these initiatives because it intends to preserve its sole responsibility on social matters. However, Quebec receives its share of federal funding and the Government of Quebec is making major investments toward programs and services for families and children.
  2. The information about specific provincial government initiatives described here was provided by the respective provincial governments.
  3. Russell CC. (2002). The State of Knowledge about Prevention/Early Intervention. Toronto: Invest in Kids.
  4. McCain MN and Mustard JF. (1999). Reversing the Real Brain Drain: Early Years Study: Final Report. Toronto: Ontario Children’s Secretariat.
  5. Detailed descriptions of the mandate, goals and objectives of these activities were provided in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2000-2001. The reader may want to refer to this report at www.socialunion.gc.ca/ecd/.
  6. Titled Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Activities and Expenditures: Government of Canada Report 2001-2002.
  7. Titled Healthy Pregnancy Marketing Strategy in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Activities and Expenditures: Government of Canada Report 2001-2002.
  8. Partnership with Parents d’Aujourd’hui was reported in 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 as a stand-alone program. In 2002-2003, the partnership with Parents d’Aujourd’hui was part of the FASD campaign; therefore, it is not included separately in the Activities and Expenditures tables.
  9. Chao R. and Willms D. (2002). The effects of parenting practices on children’s outcomes. In Willms JD (ed.), Vulnerable Children (pp.149—166). Edmonton: University of Alberta Press.
  10. Detailed descriptions of the mandate, goals and objectives of these activities were provided in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2000-2001. The reader may want to refer to this report at www.socialunion.gc.ca/ecd/.
  11. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2002). Early child care and children’s development prior to school entry: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. American Educational Research Journal: 39.
  12. Doherty G. (1996). The Great Child Care Debate: The Long-Term Effects of Non-Parental Child Care. Occasional Paper, Number 7. Toronto: University of Toronto, Childcare Resource and Research Unit.
  13. Detailed descriptions of the mandate, goals and objectives of these activities were provided in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2000-2001. The reader may want to refer to this report at www.socialunion.gc.ca/ecd/.
  14. Detailed descriptions of the mandate, goals and objectives of this activity were provided in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2000-2001. The reader may want to refer to this report at
    www.socialunion.gc.ca/ecd/.
  15. Hertzman C. 1999. Population health and human development. In DP Keating and C Hertzman (eds.). Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations (pp. 21-40). New York: Guilford Press.
  16. McCain MN and Mustard JF. Reversing the Real Brain Drain: Early Years Study: Final Report.
    Toronto: Ontario Children’s Secretariat.
  17. Detailed descriptions of the mandate, goals and objectives of these activities were provided in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2000-2001. The reader may want to refer to this report at www.socialunion.gc.ca/ecd/.
  18. Titled First Nations Head Start in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2000-2001 and 2001-2002.
  19. Titled Aboriginal Head Start-New Brunswick in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2000-2001 and 2001-2002.
  20. Detailed descriptions of the mandate, goals and objectives of these activities were provided in Federal/Provincial/Territorial Early Childhood Development Agreement: Report on Government of Canada Activities and Expenditures 2001-2002. The reader may want to refer to this report at www.socialunion.gc.ca/ecd/.
  21. Shore R. (1997). Rethinking the Brain. New York: Families and Work Institute.
  22. McCain MN and Mustard JF. (1999). Reversing the Real Brain Drain: Early Years Study: Final Report. Toronto: Ontario Children’s Secretariat.
  23. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2002). Early child care and children’s development prior to school entry: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. American Educational Research Journal 2002: 39.
  24. Doherty G. (1996). The Great Child Care Debate: The Long-Term Effects of Non-Parental Child Care. Occasional Paper, Number 7. Toronto: University of Toronto, Childcare Resource and Research Unit.
  25. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2002). Early child care and children’s development prior to school entry: Results from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. American Educational Research Journal 2002: 39.
  26. Details of the NLSCY can be found in Chapter 7 – Research and Information.
  27. Details of UEY can be found in Chapter 7 – Research and Information.
  28. One region estimates that 3 percent of AHRDA funding goes toward early childhood development staff development and training, and a second region reports that an average of 2.1 percent of program funding is directed toward professional development.
  29. The Government of Quebec has stated that while sharing the same concerns on early childhood development, Quebec does not adhere to the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Early Childhood Development Initiative because sections of it infringe on its constitutional jurisdiction on social matters. Quebec intends to preserve its sole responsibility for developing, planning, managing and delivering early childhood development programs.
  30. The four areas are: promote healthy pregnancy, infancy, and birth; improve parenting and family supports; strengthen early childhood development, learning, and care; and strengthen community supports.
  31. The four areas are: promote healthy pregnancy, infancy, and birth; improve parenting and family supports; strengthen early childhood development, learning, and care; and strengthen community supports.
  32. While sharing the same concerns on early childhood development, Québec does not adhere to the present federal-provincial-territorial document because sections of it infringe on its constitutional jurisdiction on social matters. Québec intends to preserve its sole responsibility for developing, planning, managing and delivering early childhood development programs. Consequently, Québec expects to receive its share of any additional federal funding for early childhood development programs without new conditions.
  33. While the Government of Québec supports the general principles of the Early Childhood Development Initiative and the Early Learning and Child Care Initiative, it did not participate in developing these initiatives because it intends to preserve its sole responsibility on social matters. However, Québec receives its share of federal funding and the Government of Québec is making major investments toward programs and services for families and children. All references to viewpoints shared by the federal, provincial and territorial governments in this document do not include the viewpoints of the Government of Québec.